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See the Stream Project 
 

Pond Project    
First phase: August - October, 1999
Second phase: July, 2000

     
 
 
Digging the pond into very dry clay was like excavating into concrete - extremely hard work. But the advantage of clay is that it creates a very stable surface, so it was easy to create a ledge for the edging stones and a plant shelf.
Since there's a fair bit of shale in the clay, we decided to put old carpet down to help protect the liner.
Then we put felt down, which is supposed to also help avoid damage to the liner.
Then about an inch of sand (is this over-kill?)
Finally the very tough rubber liner is draped into the hole. It took about four hours to fill the pond with water. As the pond fills, you have to fold the liner so that it fits neatly. Since it was a very cold September day, the 'waders' were a great idea.
Before starting to place the edging stones, smooth and level a layer of sand on the ledge under the liner.
Then, place the edging stones and tap with a mallet to get them level. We used two rows of edging stones.
Second phase
July, 2000:

The next phase was to fold the liner back over the top of the edging stones and cover with flagsones. It's like doing a jig-saw puzzle with large, heavy pieces.
At first, it looks kind of plain, but the ground cover plants will soon make it nestle into the surrounding gardens.
By the end of the summer (Sept, 2000), we had made some progress towards creating the stream. See the Stream Project.